![]() ![]() It is clear, however, that the term means different things to different researchers. Impulsivity has been defined as the predisposition to act with a low or inadequate degree of deliberation, forethought, or control ( Moeller et al., 2001). Based on these findings, we argue that the Traffic Light task provides a parametric method to study one aspect of impulsivity in health and disease: namely, rapid decision-making in pursuit of risky, time-sensitive rewards. Moreover, anticipatory behavior reduced significantly with age (18–79 years), an effect that continued to be upheld after correction for potential age differences in the ability to judge the timing of responses. Participants who scored more highly on this subscale performed better on the task. We show that behavioral variables that index rapid anticipatory responding in this paradigm are correlated with one, specific self-report measure of impulsivity: “lack of premeditation” on the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale. In the current study we examine behavior in 59 adults on a manual “Traffic Light” task which requires participants to take risks under time pressure, if they are to maximize reward. ![]() Although many tasks have been developed to study impulsivity, few examine decisions made rapidly, for time-sensitive rewards. Indeed, a “functional” degree of impulsivity may even promote effective behavior in healthy participants in a way that can be advantageous under certain circumstances. This may in part be due to the fact that it is a multifaceted construct, with impulsive decisions potentially arising as a result of a number of underlying mechanisms. Although often defined as the predisposition to act with an inadequate degree of deliberation, forethought, or control, it has proven difficult to measure. Impulsivity is a feature of many brain disorders. 4 Centre for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.3 Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK. ![]() 2 Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.1 Institute of Neurology and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK. ![]()
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